Introduction to Programming with C++ 3rd Edition

Liang Test Bank download pdf

https://testbankfan.com/product/introduction-to-programming-with-c-3rd-
edition-liang-test-bank/

Visit testbankfan.com today to download the complete set of

test banks or solution manuals!
 We believe these products will be a great fit for you. Click
the link to download now, or visit testbankfan.com
to discover even more!

Introduction to C++ Programming and Data Structures 4th

Edition Liang Solutions Manual

https://testbankfan.com/product/introduction-to-c-programming-and-
data-structures-4th-edition-liang-solutions-manual/

Introduction to Programming with C++ 4th Edition Diane Zak

Test Bank

https://testbankfan.com/product/introduction-to-programming-
with-c-4th-edition-diane-zak-test-bank/

Introduction to Programming with C++ 4th Edition Diane Zak

Solutions Manual

https://testbankfan.com/product/introduction-to-programming-
with-c-4th-edition-diane-zak-solutions-manual/

Macroeconomics 3rd Edition Hubbard Solutions Manual

https://testbankfan.com/product/macroeconomics-3rd-edition-hubbard-
solutions-manual/
Calculus Concepts An Informal Approach to the Mathematics
of Change 5th Edition LaTorre Test Bank

https://testbankfan.com/product/calculus-concepts-an-informal-
approach-to-the-mathematics-of-change-5th-edition-latorre-test-bank/

Principles of Organizational Behavior Realities and

Challenges 6th Edition Quick Solutions Manual

https://testbankfan.com/product/principles-of-organizational-behavior-
realities-and-challenges-6th-edition-quick-solutions-manual/

Aircraft Structures for Engineering Students 5th Edition

Megson Solutions Manual

https://testbankfan.com/product/aircraft-structures-for-engineering-
students-5th-edition-megson-solutions-manual/

Applied Mathematics for the Managerial Life and Social

Sciences 7th Edition Tan Solutions Manual

https://testbankfan.com/product/applied-mathematics-for-the-
managerial-life-and-social-sciences-7th-edition-tan-solutions-manual/

Calculus Several Variables Canadian 9th Edition Adams

Solutions Manual

https://testbankfan.com/product/calculus-several-variables-
canadian-9th-edition-adams-solutions-manual/
Sales Force Management 10th Edition Johnston Test Bank

https://testbankfan.com/product/sales-force-management-10th-edition-
johnston-test-bank/
 Name:_______________________ CSCI 2490 C++ Programming
Armstrong Atlantic State University
(50 minutes) Instructor: Dr. Y. Daniel Liang

(Open book test, you can only bring the textbook)

Part I: Multiple Choice Questions:

1
12 quizzes for Chapter 7
1 If you declare an array double list[] = {3.4, 2.0, 3.5, 5.5}, list[1] is ________.

A. 3.4
B. undefined
C. 2.0
D. 5.5
E. 3.4
2 Are the following two declarations the same

char city[8] = "Dallas";

char city[] = "Dallas";

A. no
B. yes
3 Given the following two arrays:

char s1[] = {'a', 'b', 'c'};

char s2[] = "abc";

Which of the following statements is correct?

A. s2 has four characters

B. s1 has three characters
C. s1 has four characters
D. s2 has three characters
4 When you pass an array to a function, the function receives __________.

A. the length of the array

B. a copy of the array
C. the reference of the array
D. a copy of the first element
5 Are the following two declarations the same

char city[] = {'D', 'a', 'l', 'l', 'a', 's'};

char city[] = "Dallas";

1
A. yes
B. no
6 Suppose char city[7] = "Dallas"; what is the output of the following statement?

cout << city;

A. Dallas0
B. nothing printed
C. D
D. Dallas
7 Which of the following is incorrect?

A. int a(2);
B. int a[];
C. int a = new int[2];
D. int a() = new int[2];
E. int a[2];
8 Analyze the following code:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void reverse(int list[], const int size, int newList[])

{
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
newList[i] = list[size - 1 - i];
}

int main()
{
int list[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int newList[5];

reverse(list, 5, newList);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
cout << newList[i] << " ";
}

A. The program displays 1 2 3 4 5 and then raises an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.

B. The program displays 1 2 3 4 6.
C. The program displays 5 4 3 2 1.
D. The program displays 5 4 3 2 1 and then raises an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.
9 (Tricky) What is the output of the following code:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

2
 int main()
{
int x[] = {120, 200, 16};
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
cout << x[i] << " ";
}

A. 200 120 16
B. 16 120 200
C. 120 200 16
D. 16 200 120
10 Which of the following statements is valid?

A. int i(30);
B. int i[4] = {3, 4, 3, 2};
C. int i[] = {3, 4, 3, 2};
D. double d[30];
E. int[] i = {3, 4, 3, 2};
11 Which of the following statements are true?

A. The array elements are initialized when an array is created.

B. The array size is fixed after it is created.
C. Every element in an array has the same type.
D. The array size used to declare an array must be a constant expression.
12 How many elements are in array double list[5]?

A. 5
B. 6
C. 0
D. 4

3 quizzes for Chapter 8

13 Which of the following function declaration is correct?

A. int f(int a[3][], int rowSize);

B. int f(int a[][], int rowSize, int columnSize);
C. int f(int a[][3], int rowSize);
D. int f(int[][] a, int rowSize, int columnSize);
14 What is the output of the following code?

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

3
 int main()
{
int matrix[4][4] =
{{1, 2, 3, 4},
{4, 5, 6, 7},
{8, 9, 10, 11},
{12, 13, 14, 15}};

int sum = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)

cout << matrix[i][1] << " ";

return 0;
}

A. 3 6 10 14
B. 1 3 8 12
C. 1 2 3 4
D. 4 5 6 7
E. 2 5 9 13
15
Which of the following statements are correct?

A. char charArray[2][2] = {{'a', 'b'}, {'c', 'd'}};

B. char charArray[][] = {{'a', 'b'}, {'c', 'd'}};
C. char charArray[][] = {'a', 'b'};
D. char charArray[2][] = {{'a', 'b'}, {'c', 'd'}};
Part II: Show the printout of the following code:

a. (2 pts)
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void swap(int n1, int n2)

{
int temp = n1;
n1 = n2;
n2 = temp;
}

int main()
{
int a[] = {1, 2};
swap(a[0], a[1]);
cout << "a[0] = " << a[0] << " a[1] = " << a[1] << endl;

return 0;
}

4
b. (2 pts)
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void swap(int a[])

{
int temp = a[0];
a[0] = a[1];
a[1] = temp;
}

int main()
{
int a[] = {1, 2};
swap(a);
cout << "a[0] = " << a[0] << " a[1] = " << a[1] << endl;

return 0;
}

c. (4 pts) Given the following program, show the values of the array
in the following figure:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int values[5];
for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++)
{
values[i] = i;
}

values[0] = values[1] + values[4];

return 0;
}

5
 After the last statement
After the array is After the first iteration After the loop is in the main method is
created in the loop is done completed executed

0 0 0 0

1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4

Part III:

Part III:

1. Write a function that finds the smallest element in an

array of integers using the following header:
double min(double array[], int size)

Write a test program that prompts the user to enter ten

numbers, invokes this function, and displays the minimum
value. Here is the sample run of the program:

<Output>

Enter ten numbers: 1.9 2.5 3.7 2 1.5 6 3 4 5 2

The minimum number is: 1.5

<End Output>

2. Write a function that counts the number of letters in

the string using the following header:
int countLetters(const char s[])

6
Write a test program that reads a C-string and displays the number of
letters in the string. Here is a sample run of the program:

<Output>

Enter a string: 2010 is coming

The number of letters in 2010 is coming is 8

<End Output>

7
Random documents with unrelated
content Scribd suggests to you:
contraction which does not exist in those of man, and to which the
cessation of the hemorrhage, fallaciously attributed to the styptic, is
to be wholly attributed.

205. See Appendix, page 272.

206. Toxocologie Générale considérée, sous les Rapports de la

Physiologie, de la Pathologie, et de la Medicine légale. Paris, 1815.
This work has been faithfully translated into English by John Walker,
in two volumes. London, 1817.

207. De Sed. et Caus. Morb. per Anat. indag. Epist. 59, 18.

208. See the interesting trial of Michael Whiting, for administering

poison to George and Joseph Langman, of Downham, in the Isle of
Ely, at the Assizes holden at Ely on Wednesday, March 4th, 1822,
before Edward Christian, Esq. Chief Justice of the Isle. The prisoner
was convicted and executed.

209. M. R. S. T. iv, P. iii, p. 278.

210. “Nous adoptons la division suivante, en six classes, de tous

les poisons connus, et de toutes les manières possibles par
lesquelles les substances vénéneuses peuvent nuire au corps
humain: Poisons Septiques—Poisons Stupefians, ou Narcotiques—
Poisons Narcotico-Acres—Poisons Acres, ou Rubefians—Poisons
Corrosifs, ou Escarotiques—Poisons Astringens.”

211. Belloc surmises that where acrid poisons have been

administered, narcotics may have been taken to relieve pain; and
thus that a sort of combination of the symptoms of both classes may
be produced.

212. Pharmacologia. Edit. 5th, vol. i, page 225, c. Antidotes.

213. Journal de Physiologie Experimentale, (1er numero Janvier

1821.)
 214. The adoption of this term led to a very extraordinary error in
medicine—the application of Arsenic in the form of vapour, together
with the fumes of frankincense, myrrh, and other gums, in a
paroxysm of Asthma! This frightful practice arose from confounding
the gum Juniper, or Vernix of the Arabians, which by their medical
writers was prescribed in fumigations, under the name of Sandarach,
for the Σανδαρακη of the Greeks.

215. Orfila. Toxicolog. General.

216. Pharmacologia, edit. v, vol. 2, art. Arsenici Oxydum.

217. A very large quantity is annually prepared from the sublimate

which collects in the chimneys and flues of the smelting works and
burning houses in Cornwall. We have examined samples prepared
according to the improved process of Dr. Edwards, and found them
to be perfectly free from foreign admixture: a fact of much greater
importance than the reader may at first imagine. Those who require
farther information upon this subject may consult a paper in the first
volume of the Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of
Cornwall, by J. H. Vivian, Esq. entitled “Observations on the
processes for making the different preparations of Arsenic, which are
practised in Saxony.”

218. Bergman ii, 286. We are, however, upon the authority of Mr.
Richard Phillips, inclined to consider this statement of its specific
gravity incorrect. He found that when transparent it did not exceed
3·715, and, when opaque, 3·260.

219. Vol. ii, p. 86.

220. The chemist may satisfy himself of this fact by heating some
arsenious acid on a piece of platina foil, and then alternately raising
and depressing it into the blue flame of the spirit, when
corresponding changes in odour will take place in the fumes.

221. See page 184, Note.

 222. See Mr. Marshall’s Remarks, &c.

223. See the case reported by Dr. Yelloly, in the 5th volume of the
Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journal.

224. Epist. 168.

225. De Pest. Hist. 99. Annot.

226. De Peste Lond. p. 239.

227. Recueil Periodique de la Societé de Med. de Paris, tom. vi. p.

22.

228. Nouveaux Elemens de Med. operat. par J. P. Roux.

229. Nouvelles Experiences sur les Contre-Poisons de l’Arsenic. Par

Casimir Renault. A. Paris. A. 9, pp. 119.

230. A belief in this mode of poisoning appears to be of very

ancient origin. Calpurnius Bestia was said by Pliny (Hist. Nat. Lib. 27.
Cap. 2.) to have been particularly skilled in such a process, and to
have murdered many of his wives when asleep, by bathing the parts
of generation with the juice of Aconite; and Dr. Gordon Smith, in his
work on Forensic Medicine, relates, on the authority of Schenckius,
the tragical death of Ladislas, or Lancelot, surnamed the Victorious
and the Liberal, who succeeded to the contested throne of Naples in
1386, and died at the age of thirty-eight in great pain, in
consequence of having been poisoned by the daughter of a
physician, of whom he was passionately fond, per concubitum. Sir
Thomas Brown, in his Vulgar Errors, alludes to an ancient story of an
“Indian king that sent unto Alexander a fair woman, fed with
Aconites, and other poisons, with the intent that she either by
converse or copulation might destroy him.”

231. See page 137.

 232. Philosophical Transactions. 1811.

233. M. Orfila observes that there are many cases of poisoning by

arsenious acid introduced into the stomach, in which we are unable
to discover the slightest appearance of erosion or inflammation in
the alimentary canal; such cases are recorded by Chaussier,
Etmuller, Marc, Sallin, and Renault.

234. We well remember performing some experiments at

Cambridge, many years ago, upon mildew, which as far as they went
corroborate this assertion of Jaegar, for its propagation was not
prevented by arsenic. See also “The effects of Arsenical fumes,” vol.
I, p. 332.

235. See Edinburgh Med. and Surg. Journ. for January 1, 1811.

236. Elements of Juridical Medicine, p. 76.

237. Prestwich on Poisons.

238. Pharmacologia, Edit. 5. vol. ii. p. 89.

239. Medical Transactions, vol. vi, p. 414.

240. See Appendix, page 277.

241. This substance may be said to consist of Charcoal, in a state

of extremely minute division, and the sub-carbonate of Potass. It is
prepared by deflagrating, in a crucible, two parts of Super-tartrate of
Potass with one part of Nitrate of Potass.

242. In order to close the end of the tube, where a blow-pipe is

not to be procured, (which, says Dr. Bostock, we may suppose upon
these occasions will often be the case) the end is to be placed in a
common fire until it is completely softened, and a pair of small tongs
being at the same time made red hot, the tube is to be withdrawn
from the fire, and the heated end pinched by the tongs, and at the
same time bent up at an acute angle, so as to be brought parallel to
the body of the tube. The tube is then to be heated a second time,
and being again firmly pinched by the hot tongs, the end will be
found to be completely impervious.

243. Dr. Bostock states that the best proportions for this coating
are, one part of common pipe clay, to three parts of fine sand; which
are to be well kneeded together, and reduced to such a state of
tenacity, that the lute will readily adhere to the tube, and its
different parts unite without forming a visible seam. “Observations
on the different methods recommended for detecting minute
portions of Arsenic, by J. Bostock, M.D.” Read before the Liverpool
Medical Society, and published in the Edinburgh Med. and Surg.
Journ. April, 1809.

244. See the paper above quoted.

245. Black’s Lectures, v. ii, p. 430.

246. Foderé recommends this process, Traité de Med. Leg. t. iv, p.

153; and Dr. Jaeger, in his Thesis, before quoted, observes that he
has been enabled to recognise the tenth of a grain of arsenious acid,
although mixed with sugar, by its odour, when thrown upon burning
coals! We must be allowed to question this fact; Dr. Jaeger, no
doubt, believed that he recognised the alliaceous odour, but it must
have been the sole effect of the imagination. Dr. Bostock states that
such a test is not to be depended upon; for, unless the arsenic be in
considerable quantity, the odour is not sufficiently perceptible; and if
it be mixed with either an animal or a vegetable substance, the
smoke and smell arising from these bodies, when heated, will
altogether prevent our recognising the peculiar odour of the arsenic.
When a quantity of arsenic is mixed with an equal weight of flour,
and placed upon iron at a low red heat, so as not to cause the flour
to inflame, the suffocating smoke that arises from the latter can be
alone perceived; nor is it possible to discover that any thing has
been mixed with it. Edinb. Med. Journ. l. c. This last objection of Dr.
Bostock is true in fact, although it admits of a different explanation,
for at a low temperature the arsenious acid will be volatilized without
decomposition; in which case no alliaceous odour can be developed.

247. The paper was read before the Liverpool Medical Society.

248. London Dispensatory. Edit. 3, p. 176.

249. See a letter from Mr. Hume on the subject, to the Editors of
the Medical and Physical Journal. July, 1810.

250. On the detection of very minute quantities of Arsenic and

Mercury. By James Smithson, Esq. F.R.S. Annals of Philosophy,
August, 1822.

251. If any trifling opacity occur in a simple solution of arsenic,

when assayed by the nitrate of silver, it may be considered as the
effects of some casual impurity; this may be farther demonstrated
by bringing over the surface of the arsenical liquid, a piece of
blotting paper, or a stopper moistened with a solution of ammonia,
when there will instantly form a copious yellow precipitate of
arsenite of silver. If this experiment be performed by spreading the
mixed solutions of arsenious acid and nitrate of silver over a surface
of glass, laid upon white paper, the result will be most striking and
beautiful, for on slowly bringing the ammoniacal test over it, the
yellow cloud will gradually diffuse itself over the surface.

252. Pharmacologia. Edit. 5, vol. ii, p. 96.

253. London Medical and Physical Journal, January, 1818.

254. The following is the formula for its preparation. Dissolve ten
grains of lunar caustic, in ten times its weight of distilled water; to
this add, guttatim, liquid ammonia, until a precipitate is formed;
continue cautiously to add the ammonia, repeatedly agitating the
mixture until the precipitate is nearly redissolved. The object of
allowing a small portion to remain undissolved is, to guard against
an excess of ammonia. Wherever the test is used, the liquid to which
it is added ought to be quite cold.

255. This is very important, for an excess of ammonia redissolves

the yellow precipitate, and therefore defeats the object of the test.
The fixed alkalies, in excess, have not such a property.

256. The great impression made upon the public mind in Cornwall
by the above trial, produced a disposition to regard every sudden
death with more than usual jealousy. In consequence, therefore, of a
report having arisen that a young woman had died after an illness of
forty-eight hours, and been hastily buried at Madron, near Penzance,
the magistrates of that district issued their warrant for the
disinterment of the body, and requested the author’s attendance at
the examination. The dissection was accordingly conducted in the
church, when it appeared that the immediate cause of death had
been an inflammation of the intestines; the stomach was found to
contain a considerable portion of liquid, which was carefully collected
and examined; no solid matter could be discovered in it, nor were
any particles found to be adhering to the coats of the stomach. The
fluid appeared to consist principally of the remains of a quantity of
pennyroyal tea, which had been the last thing administered to the
deceased. This was divided into several distinct portions, and placed
in separate wine glasses, and submitted, in the presence of the High
Sheriff, and some other gentlemen whose curiosity had been excited
by the late trial of Donnall, to a series of experiments, amongst
which the following may be particularized, as bearing upon the
present question, and as affording an important elucidation of it.
A few drops of a solution of sub-carbonate of potass were added
to the liquid, in one of the glasses, when its colour, which was
originally of a light hazel, was instantly deepened into a reddish
yellow; the sulphate of copper was then applied, when a precipitate
fell down, which every one present simultaneously pronounced to be
of a “vivid grass green” hue; but, on pouring off the supernatant
liquid, and transferring the precipitate upon a sheet of white paper, it
assumed the blue colour which is so characteristic of the carbonate
of copper. The explanation of the phenomenon, and the fallacy to
which it gave rise, became obvious; the yellow colour imparted to
the liquid by the alkali, was the effect of the latter body upon the
vegetable extractive matter of the infusion. The other portions were
then strictly examined, but no indications of arsenic or any other
metallic poison were discovered.

257. This explanation applies equally to the objection lately

advanced by Dr. Porter, of the University of South Carolina, who, in
his observations on the tests of arsenic, remarks, that an
appearance similar to “Scheele’s Green,” is produced by the
carbonate of potass, when added to a solution of the sulphate of
copper in coffee, but without arsenic, more striking than if even a
weak solution of arsenic were used. Silliman’s Journal, iii. 865.
Fodere reports a case, in which an erroneous conclusion respecting
the presence of arsenic was drawn, evidently owing to the same
source of fallacy. The Society of Medicine at Marseilles, in
consequence of a girl having been poisoned by a quack medicine,
appointed a scientific person to examine the composition of the
Nostrum; this person, strongly prepossessed with the opinion that it
contained arsenic, applied the copper test above described, and
having obtained by means of it, a green precipitate, reported,
without any further inquiry, that the medicine in question was an
arsenical solution. Foderé, however, suspected the correctness of the
conclusion, in consequence of the residue not yielding by
combustion, any alliaceous odour; a new analysis was therefore
made, which proved the nostrum to be nothing more than a very
strong alcoholic tincture of colocynth. Médecine Légale, tom. iv. p.
137.

258. It is hardly necessary to observe that neither the carbonate

of ammonia or of potass, or sulphuric or muriatic acid, produce any
effect whatever in a pure solution of white arsenic.

259. Corrosive sublimate, however, produces both these effects,

from causes which we have fully explained under the consideration
of that poison.

260. Toxicologie Générale, supra citat.

261. See Leçons de Médecine Légale, a Paris, 1821. “Experiences

chimiques propres à decouvrir les poisons minéraux qui ont été
mêlés avec du thé, du café, du vin, ete.” Trente-unieme Leçon. p.
415.

262. Chirurg. Med. p. 185.

263. The arsenite of potass, which has been long known under
the name of the “arsenical salt of Macquer” has been used in
medicine, and the Dublin Pharmacopœia contains a process for the
preparation of “arsenias kali.”

264. Nouvelles Experiences, &c., op. sup. cit.

265. Opera Omnia de Venenis, 1761.

266. Υδραργυρος of the Greeks from its fluidity and colour.

Quicksilver. Quick, in the old Saxon tongue signified living: an epithet
derived from its mobility.

267. Cavendish.

268. Hassenfratz Ann. de Chim. xxviii, 12.

269. Hence it was called by the alchymists the Dragon.

270. Mead on Poisons, edit. 4, p. 196.

271. Second edition, p. 89.

272. For the report of the above satisfactory case we are indebted
to Dr. Gordon Smith, who has related it in his work on Forensic
Medicine, p. 114.
 273. Edit. 5, vol. 1, p. 260.

274. “Further experiments and observations on the action of

Poisons on the animal system.” Phil. Trans. 1812.

275. For a history of the different quack medicines which contain

mercury, see Pharmacologia, vol. ii, p. 239.

276. Opera Medica. Epist. i, p. 200.

277. Contre-poisons de l’Arsenic, du sublimé corrosif, &c.

278. Proposed by M. Duval, “Dissertation sur la Toxicologie.”

279. M. Chausarel. “Observations sur diverses substances

Vénéneuses,” p. 47.

280. We find in an ancient epigram of Ausonius, that a woman

gave to her husband some metallic mercury, with the design of
increasing the energy of a certain poison, which she administered to
him. But instead of producing this effect, the mercury, on the
contrary, entirely re-established the health of the person poisoned.
The celebrated Goethe upon asking the Professor Doebereiner of
Jena, his opinion upon the above case, received in reply, that the
poison must have been corrosive sublimate, since, of all the known
poisons, it was the only one whose power was weakened by
mercury.
This story induced Orfila to ascertain the truth by experiment, and
he has shewn THAT METALLIC MERCURY IS NOT AN ANTIDOTE TO CORROSIVE
SUBLIMATE.

281. Mr. Hart. “What did you do with the flour and pork?
C. Carter. I made it into four dumplings, two with pork, and two
without, and tied the two largest, with pork in them, up in bags.
---- With what did you mix the flour?
---- With milk.
 ---- When you were making these dumplings, did you observe any
thing?
---- They made different to any thing which I had ever made
before.
---- Explain that difference?
---- They broke and crumbled all into little bits. I had to knock
them in a stant like when we make butter. They would not hold
together.
---- Had you more or less difficulty than usual?
---- More trouble than I ever had before.”
Extract from the trial.

282. We have been informed that, by this simple and beautiful

test, Mr. Archdeacon Wollaston identified the presence of corrosive
sublimate in the dumplings by which Michael Whiting attempted to
poison his brothers-in-law, at Ely, as stated in the preceding page, as
well as at 197. Although in the report of the trial in our possession,
the professor does not appear to have furnished the court with any
account of the process by which he discovered the poison.

283. Trial of Mary Bateman for the wilful murder of Rebecca

Perigo, at the York Assizes, 1809. As we have on several occasions
alluded to this trial, it may perhaps be satisfactory to give a short
sketch of the case in this place.
This diabolical woman, under the pretext of possessing the art of
witchcraft, committed numerous frauds, and worked with so much
success upon the credulity of her victims, as to obtain considerable
sums of money, and reduce them to the extremes of poverty; while,
in order to conceal the frauds, she consigned whole families to the
grave by her poisons. Her detection was brought about by the
robbery of a family of the name of Perigo, from whom she obtained
the sum of seventy pounds, besides cloathes and furniture, under
the pretence of engaging a Miss Blythe to relieve Perigo’s wife from
the effects of an “evil wish,” under which she was supposed to
labour; when the appointed time arrived for the restoration of the
property, and the promised cure of the wife, Mary Bateman sent a
powder (Arsenic) which she directed them to add to their pudding,
and advised them, should they be ill after eating it, to take a
spoonful of prepared honey with which she supplied them. The wife
ate the pudding, and soon afterwards died; the husband, however,
very narrowly escaped: for this murder she was tried and convicted;
and thus was a system of robbery and murder, scarcely equalled in
the annals of crime, happily exposed and ended.

284. In the Philosophical Magazine for December, 1821, a

communication is to be found from a Mr. Murray, which would have
been too ridiculous to require notice, had it not involved a question
connected with the habitudes of corrosive sublimate and iron, which
might possibly occasion error. After stating that certain metallic
solutions may be decomposed through the agency of magnetism, he
says, a solution of corrosive sublimate may be thus made to yield
metallic mercury, by introducing into it a bar of magnetised iron! He
had not the wit to inquire whether unmagnetised iron might not
prove equally powerful as a decomposing agent.
 285. Orfila, l. c.

286. Orfila, l. c.

287. Edinburgh Med. & Surg. Journal, v.

288. Ann. de Chimie et Phys. iv. 334.

289. Tartarized Antimony, administered as an emetic, may

decompose the salt in the stomach.

290. Consultation Medico-legale sur une Accusation de

l’empoisonnement par le Muriate de Mercure sur-oxydé. p. 146.

291. L. C.

292. The above passage is quoted from Waller’s translation of

Orfila’s Treatise on Poisons, vol. i, p. 73.

293. Comment: Med. in Processus Criminales.

294. Principles of Forensic Medicine, p. 113.

295. Accum on culinary poisons, or “Death in the Pot.” As this is

the last occasion which we shall have to mention the above work,
we may observe by the way, that this ad captandum title is not
original with Mr. Accum, for there is a dissertation by Mauchart,
entitled “Mors in Olla.”

296. Many of the preparations lately presented by Dr. Baillie to the

College of Physicians have become black, in consequence of the
vermilion, with which they are injected, having been adulterated
with red lead.

297. Upon this subject, the reader may consult the Historical
Introduction to the Pharmacologia, page 87.
 298. Annal. de Chem. xxxii. 255.

299. We have upon this, as well as on similar occasions, preferred

adopting the name by which the substance is known in common
parlance, to that which might more strictly accord with our scientific
views of its composition.

300. Pharmacologia, Edit. v. vol. 2. p. 65.

301. F. Hoffmanni Op. om. T. 1. par. ii. c. v. p. 219.

302. This subject is treated very copiously in the first volume of

the Pharmacologia, page 152. To this work the author must refer the
reader, for the limits of the present volume will not allow more than
a mere enunciation of the fact.

303. Elements of Juridical Medicine, edit. 2, p. 96.

304. “Further experiments and observations on the Action of

Poisons on the Animal system, by B. C. Brodie, Esq. F. R. S.
Communicated to the Society for the improvement of Animal
Chemistry, and by them to the Royal Society.” Phil. Trans. for 1812,
vol. 102, p. 205.

305. To those who are curious upon this subject, we recommend

the perusal of an interesting essay, entitled “Observations on the Tin
trade of the Ancients in Cornwall, and on the Ictis of Diodorus
Siculus,” by Sir Christopher Hawkins, Bart. F.R.S. &c.

306. See page 144 of this volume; and article Cupri Sulphas in
Pharmacologia, vol. 2, p. 167, note.

307. We have long considered that the process of salting meat is

something more than the mere saturation of the animal fibre with
muriate of soda; some unknown combinations and decompositions
take place, which future experiment will probably discover.
 308. Water may thus be preserved in copper cisterns, without
contracting any metallic impregnation, even should the surface of
the cistern be coated with the oxide and carbonate of copper.

309. Dr. Johnson, in his Essay on Poison, relates the history of

three men being poisoned, after excruciating sufferings, in
consequence of eating food cooked in an unclean copper vessel, on
board the Cyclops frigate; and, besides these, thirty-three men
became ill from the same cause.

310. See the Ladies Library, vol. ii, p. 203; Modern Cookery, or the
English Housewife, edit, 2, p. 94; and the English Housekeeper, p.
352, 354.

311. This practice is of ancient origin, thus Pliny “Stannum,

illinitum æneis vasis, saporem gratiorem facit, et compescit æruginis
virus.” Lib. xxxiv, cap. 17.

312. Orfila, l. c.

313. Recherches Chimiques sur l’Etain par Bayen et Charlard,

1781.

314. Annales de Chimie.

315. See Thomson’s System of Chemistry.

316. Plinii Lib. xxxiv. cap. 2, 10.

317. We extract the notice of this case from Dr. Gordon Smith’s
work, not having a copy of Metzger’s Principles of Judiciary Medicine
at hand.

318. Orfila, l. c.

319. Pharmacologia, vol. ii. art. Argenti Nitras.

 320. Boerhaave relates the instance of a student in pharmacy
having swallowed some lunar caustic, in consequence of which the
most serious symptoms resulted, such as excruciating pains,
gangrene, and sphacelus of the primæ viæ. Metzger also mentions a
case, where a piece of lunar caustic was accidentally dropped into
the throat of a person while applying it to an ulcer, but that the
patient was saved by drinking copious draughts of milk.

321. In the neutralization of acid poisons in the stomach, it is a

great object to avoid carbonated alkalies and earths, on account of
the large volume of carbonic acid, thus given off, proving highly
distressing.

322. Pharmacologia, vol. ii, art. Acid Nitric.

323. Traité de l’Empoisonment par l’Acide Nitrique; par A. E.

Tartra, Médecin. à Paris 1802.

324. Some experiments and researches on the saline contents of

sea-water, undertaken with a view to correct and improve its
chemical analysis. By A. Marcet, M.D. F.R.S. in the Phil. Trans. for the
year 1822. part 2.

325. It is known in commerce by this name, since it is prepared on

a large scale, by distilling sugar with nitric acid. It derives the term
oxalic acid, from the plant which so abundantly contains it, viz. oxalis
acetosella, or wood sorrel.

326. Essential Salt of Lemons. “The preparation sold under this

name, for the purpose of removing iron moulds from linen, consists
of cream of tartar, and super-oxalate of potass, or salt of sorrel, in
equal proportions.” Pharmacologia.

327. The parents of this child suppose that the violence of the
screaming ruptured the vesicles by which the breathing was
impeded, and thus proved an unexpected means of cure.
 328. See “An account of the case of a man who died of the effects
of the fire at Eddystone Light-house,” by Mr. Edward Spry, Surgeon,
at Plymouth. Phil. Trans. vol. xlix, part 2, p. 477, A. D. 1756.

329. There are some exceptions to this law; for instance, the
tincture of litmus, and litmus paper, are always rendered more
intensely blue, by the addition of alkalies. There are also other
bodies, besides alkalies, which change the yellow colour of turmeric
to a brown. Upon this subject see an interesting paper in the 26th
number of the Journal of Science and the Arts, p. 315, by Mr.
Faraday, entitled “On the changing of vegetable colours as an
alkaline property, and on some bodies possessing it.” By this
communication we are informed that even the strong acids redden
turmeric paper, and that a very weak nitric acid gives it a tint exactly
like that produced by an alkali. Different metallic salts are
characterised by similar effects.

330. A new alkali has been lately discovered in a mineral called

Petalite, by M. Arfwedson, a young Sweedish chemist, but as the
extreme rarity of the substance will prevent its ever becoming an
object of forensic interest, we shall pass it over without further
notice. Some new alkaline principles have also been developed by
the French and German chemists, in the analysis of certain
vegetables, but as these bodies have a physiological action, which is
wholly independent of their alkalinity, they will be more properly
noticed under the history of the vegetables which contain them.

331. Should the solution contain a small portion of lime, as may

occasionly happen, the cloud will be very slight, and cannot give
origin to any important fallacy.

332. Orfila, vol. i, p. 404.

333. Essay on Poisons, page 143.

334. Orfila, Lib. Cit.

 335. Brodie, Phil. trans. 1812.

336. This is an important characteristic, since all the metallic

poisons yield an abundant precipitate, either black, yellow, or red, on
the addition of one or other of the alkaline hydro-sulphurets.

337. “Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum,” tom. 2, p. 220. The

London College in their present pharmacopœia refer this insect to
the genus Lytta, an error which will be corrected in the future
edition.

338. System of Chemistry, edit. 5, vol. iv. p. 436. See also Ann. de
Chim. lxxvi. p. 308.

339. Page 129, note.

340. Homberg, Mem. Par, 1692.

341. Ann. de Chim. xxvii, 87.

342. The earliest account we have of this substance having been

used in medicine is to be found in the seventh volume of Haller’s
collection of Theses, relating to the history and cure of diseases. The
original dissertation is entitled “De Phosphori loco Medicamenti
adsumpti virtute medica, aliquot casibus singularibus confirmata,”
Auctore J. Gabi, Mentz.

343. Memoirs of the Society of Emulation at Paris.

344. See Nicholson’s Journal iii, 85.

345. For July, 1813.

346. Numb. xxxi, 22.

347. System of Chemistry, 4th edit. 1, 274-277.

348. De Architectura, lib. viii, c. 7.

 349. Researches into the Properties of Spring water, with Medical
cautions against the use of Lead, by W. Lambe, M.D. &c.

350. A case is recorded, wherein a legal controversy took place, in

order to settle the disputes between the proprietors of an estate and
a plumber, originating from a similar cause—the plumber being
accused of having furnished a faulty reservoir; whereas the case was
proved to be owing to the chemical action of the water on the lead.
Dr. Lambe states an instance where the proprietor of a well, ordered
his plumber to make the lead of a pump of double the thickness of
the metal usually employed for pumps, to save the charge of
repairs; because he had observed that the water was so hard, as he
called it, that it corroded the lead very soon.

351. Van Swieten ad Boerhaave Aphorism. 1060 Comment.

352. Libro supra citato, p. 24.

353. Duncan’s Med. Comment. Dec. 2, 1794.

354. See the papers by Sir George Baker, in the first volume of the
Medical Transactions of the College of Physicians, viz. “An Inquiry
concerning the Cause of the Endemial Colic of Devonshire,” p. 175.
“An Examination of several means by which the Poison of Lead may
be supposed frequently to gain admittance into the human body,
unobserved, and unsuspected,” p. 257.
“An attempt towards an historical account of that species of
Spasmodic Colic, distinguished by the name of the Colic of Poitou,” p.
139.

355. See a work by Dr. William Musgrave, which contains the

earliest account of the Devonshire colic, entitled “Dissertatio de
Arthritide symptomatica,” 1703; and also Dr. Huxham’s work on the
“Morbus Colicus Damnoniorum.”

356. Annales de Chimie, vol. 1, p. 76.

 357. See Fourcroy, Memoire sur la nature du Vin lithargyré, in the
“Histoire de l’Academie Royale,” for 1817.

358. Sir George Baker considered that the dry belly ache, which is
common to the drinkers of new rum, in the West Indies, ought to be
wholly referred to its contamination with lead.

359. The art of glazing earthenware with lead is of modern

invention; that part of the old earthenware, preserved in the British
museum, which is supposed to have been of Roman manufacture, is
not glazed. The vessels, which are called Etruscan, and which are
supposed to be of greater antiquity than the Roman, have indeed a
paint or polish on their surfaces; but that does not appear to
resemble our modern saturnine vitrification.

360. The workmen who are employed at the glazing tub are
subject to colics and paralysis.

361. The frequency with which the inhabitants of Madrid, and of a

great part of New Castille in Spain, were harrassed with colic, as
recorded by M. Thierry, received a satisfactory explanation from the
fact of glazed earthenware having been universally used in that
country for culinary vessels.
Sir G. Baker in a paper entitled “Further Observations on the
Poisons of Lead,” Med. Trans. vol. 2, p. 419, mentions the practice of
drinking cyder out of glazed earthen vessels as dangerous. Dr.
Watson, junior, saw several instances of the Devonshire colic, during
the time of harvest, apparently from this cause. And a similar
instance fell under the notice of Dr. Charleston, where six persons
became, at one time, paralytic, by drinking cyder, brought to them
while at harvest work, in a new earthen pitcher, the inside of which
was glazed. That the glazing was dissolved by the liquor appeared
not only by the effects which it produced, but from its having given,
as these persons informed Dr. Charleston, that astringent sweetish
taste to the liquor, by which the solutions of this metal are so
peculiarly distinguished.
 362. As it is very desirable to exclude the use of lead altogether,
the Society for the promotion of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce,
has offered a premium for a substitute for this metallic glaze. For an
account of several new glazes, as substitutes for lead, see Parkes’s
Chemical Essays, vol. iii, p. 193-576.

363. Darwin’s Zoonomia, vol. 3, cl. 1, 2, 4, 8.

364. Chemical Essays, vol. v, p. 193.

365. Philosophical Magazine, 1819, no. 257, p. 229.

366. The use of the arsenic is to render the lead more brittle, and
to dispose it to run into spherical drops.

367. Francis Citois, the historian of this celebrated epidemic,

published his “Diatriba de novo et populari apud Pictones, dolore
colico bilioso,” A.D. 1617. In which he states that the “dolor colicus
Pictonicus” was a new epidemic in the province of Poitou, about the
year 1572; and after having prevailed in that province about 60 or
70 years, it became milder, less untractable, and by degrees was
translated to other parts of France. The supposition, however, says
Sir George Baker, that the colic of Poitou was a new disease, about
the time when Citois lived, is not true; the disease was even
mentioned by our countryman John of Gaddesden, who appears to
have written his Rosa Anglica early in the fourteenth century. If we
consult authors posterior to Citois, we find this species of colic
mentioned in almost every practical book. We have an account in
Sennertus of its having prevailed epidemically, all over Silesia, in the
year 1621. Baglivi even affirms that “nihil facilius colicæ supervenit,
quam paralysis.” None of these authors, however, appear to have
entertained the slightest suspicion of the true source of the malady.

368. Ephemerides Germanicæ, Ann. 4.—Observ. 60 by Cockelius.—

Obs. 92 by Brunnerus.—Obs. 100 by Wicarius.

369. Chemical Essays, vol. 3, page 369, edit. 3.

 370. Exam. Chy. de Differ. Subs. par M. Sage, p. 157.

371. Medical Transactions of the College of Physicians, vol. ii, p.

86.

372. The art of making wines, from fruits, flowers, and herbs; all
the native growth of Great Britain, by William Graham, late of Ware
in Hertfordshire.

373. See “Some experiments made upon Rum, in order to

ascertain the cause of the colic, frequent among the Soldiers in the
island of Jamaica, in the years 1781, and 1782”; by John Hunter,
M.D. In the Medical Transactions, vol. 3, p. 227.

374. Annales de Chimie, tom. lvii, p. 84. Memoire de M. Proust.

375. Cerusse was in great request among the Roman ladies as a

cosmetic.

376. The manufacture of this colour was long kept secret; but its
consumption has lately been greatly lessened by the introduction of
the artificial Chromate of Lead, which is a yellow of much greater
brilliancy than the muriate of that metal.

377. See Repository of Arts, vol. viii, no. 47, p. 262.

378. Med. Trans. vol. 2, p. 445.

379. See a paper in the Medical Transactions, vol. 2, p. 68, “Of the
Colica Pictonum,” by R. Warren, M.D. &c.

380. Paulus Ægineta is the first writer who has described a species
of Colic terminating in Paralysis. (Lib. iii, c. 18, 43.)

381. Poitou, this late province in France was divided at the

revolution into the three departments of Vendée, Vienne, and the
Two Sevres.
 382. Pictones—Cæs. People of France, whose chief city is
Pictavium, now called Poictiers.

383. Percival’s Essays, vol. 1, p. 458.

384. See our remarks upon this subject at page 142. See also
Teichmeyer, Inst. Med. For. p. 164.

385. Upon the subject of slow poisons we have already expressed

the latitude of our belief, see page 143.

386. Medical Transactions, vol. 2, p. 420.

387. Transactions of Medical Society of London.

388. Med. Legale, iv, § 921.

389. “De Lithargyrio quoque mihi narravit, matronam quandam

nobilem pulverem ejus in rubore faciei, postquam hic ipsi tanquam
singulare et certissimum arcanum deprædicatus fuisset, in petia
ligatum, axillis bis vel ter die aspersisse cum præsentaneo effectu;
verum exinde subsecuta fuisse dyspnæam, lipothymiam, dolores
vagos in abdomine, vomituritionem, et nauseam.”

390. See his “Researches into the Properties of Spring water.” 8vo.
London. Johnson. 1803.

391. Observations on the Water with which Tunbridge is supplied

for domestic purposes.

392. The following is the method of preparing the test. Expose

equal parts of sulphur and powdered oyster shells to a white heat
for fifteen minutes; and, when cold, add an equal quantity of cream
of tartar; these are to be put into a strong bottle with common water
to boil for an hour; and the solution is afterwards to be decanted
into ounce phials, adding twenty drops of muriatic acid to each.
 393. Lambe, op. sup. cit. page 175.

394. On the ultimate Analysis of Vegetable and Animal

Substances, by Andrew Ure, M.D.F.R.S. Phil. Trans. for 1822, part. 2.

395. Essay on Chemical Analysis, by J. G. Children, Esq.

396. Where a compound is merely separated it is called an Educt;

but where it arises from a new combination of the elements it is
distinguished by the term Product.

397. Recherches Physico-Chimiques.

398. On the ultimate Analysis of Vegetable and Animal

Substances, by Andrew Ure, M.D.F.R.S. Phil. Trans, for 1822, part 2.

399. The author has already in the fifth edition of his

Pharmacologia, entered so fully into the philosophy of medicinal
combination, that he can scarcely feel regret at the limits of the
present work not allowing him to dwell upon the subject.

400. The Cambogia Gutta Lin. (Polyandria Monogynia) and several

species of Hypericum; Chelidonium, &c. also yield a similar juice.

401. The Dutch appear to have first introduced it into Europe

about the middle of the seventeenth century.

402. Ελλεβορος λευκος of Dioscorides.

403. Histoire des Plantes Vénéneuses de la Suisse.

404. The same alkali has been discovered in the seeds of the
Veratrum Sabadilla, and in the root of the Colchicum Autumnale.

405. It was first cultivated by Gerarde in 1596.

406. See London Medical Repository, vol. xii, no. 67.

 407. Pharmacologia, vol. ii, art. Extract. Elaterii, p. 204.

408. Fragmenta Chirurg. et Med. p. 66.

409. Obs. Lib. iv, c. xxvi, p. 208.

410. The juice of every species of spurge is so acrid, that it

corrodes and ulcerates the body wherever it is applied. Warts or
corns, annointed with the juice presently disappear; hence this tribe
of plants has derived the popular name of wart weed.

411. One of the supposed proofs of the guilt of Charles Angus in

the case of Margaret Burns, as stated at page 177, rested upon the
fact, that on searching the prisoner’s bed room, three bottles were
found in the wardrobe, viz. one marked “poison water;” a second
“Jacob’s water;” and a third “Savine oil.”

412. The roman poets constantly use it in the plural number,

which evidently shews that it was meant to denote other kinds of
poisons, or poisons in general; thus Juvenal in the first satire, v. 156.
“Qui dedit ergo tribus patruis Aconita, vehetur
Pensilibus plumis,——”

So again Ovid in the first book of Metamorph, v. 47.

“Lurida terribiles miscent Aconita novercæ.”

413. Theophrastus tells us that a poison may be prepared from

aconite so as to occasion death within any definite period; see page
183 in the present volume.

414. See an account of this process of preparing extracts in vacuo,

in Medico-Chirurg. Trans. vol. x, p. 240; and for a history of their
superior powers, the author begs to refer the reader to an account
of the articles in his Pharmacologia.

415. Pharmacologia, vol. 1, p. 136.

 416. Med. Observ. and Inquiries, vol. v. p. 317.

417. It may be obtained from opium by the following process,

invented by Robiquet. Three hundred parts of pure opium are to be
macerated during five days, in one thousand parts of common
water; to the filtered solution, fifteen parts of perfectly pure
magnesia (carefully avoiding the carbonate) are to be added; boil
this mixture (A) for ten minutes, and separate the sediment (B) by a
filter, washing it with cold water until the water passes off clear;
after which, treat it alternately with hot and cold alcohol (12, 22. Bé)
as long as the menstruum takes up any colouring matter; the
residue is then to be treated with boiling alcohol (22, 32, Bé) on
cooling, the solution will deposit the Morphia in crystals.
Rationale of the process. A soluble meconiate of magnesia is, in
the first place, formed; (A) while the sediment (B) consists of
morphia, in the state of mixture, with the excess of magnesia; the
boiling alcohol, with which this residuum is treated, exerts no action
upon the magnesia, but dissolves the morphia, and, on cooling,
surrenders it in a crystalline state.

418. Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. tom. v.

419. “Confessions of an English opium-eater.” London, 1822.

420. History of Aleppo.

421. Orfila states that animals, on which the section of the par
vagum of both sides has been performed, die at the end of two or
three hours; after having experienced intoxication, somnolency, and
convulsions. Bulletin de la Soc. Philomatique, Mai 1808, t. 1, p. 143.

422. Toriosa (Istituzioni di Med. For.) has remarked that opium

may act mortally without losing much of its weight in the stomach.
We are very sceptical upon this point.
 423. The reader is requested to refer to our chapter “On the
Physiological causes and phenomena of sudden death,” p. 22.

424. See “Cases illustrating the decided efficacy of cold affusion in

the treatment of poisoning by opium, by S. Wray.” London Medical
and Physical Journal, for September 1822.
“A case of poisoning by opium, in which the cold affusion was
successfully employed; with observations on the medical
management of similar occurrences, by J. Copland, M. D.” Ibid.
“On the most efficacious means of remedying the effects of
opium, when taken in poisonous doses, by J. H. Sprague.” Ibid.

425. Avis au peuple, tom. ii, § 535, p. 280, 7th edit.

426. “On the common syringe, with a flexible tube, as applicable

to the removal of opium, and other poisons, from the stomach, by F.
Bush.” London Med. and Phys. Journ. for September, 1822.
“New means of extracting opium, &c. from the stomach, by E.
Jukes, Esq.” Ibid. for November, 1822.

427. See Pharmacologia, vol. 1, p. 234.

428. Reports on Water, 1, 80.

429. A very high degree of vascularity is often found in the

stomach and alimentary canal of those who have been suddenly
deprived of life. The reader may consult Dr. Yelloly’s paper in the
Medico-chirurgical Transactions, vol. iv, respecting the appearances
found in the stomachs of several executed criminals.
A case of poisoning by opium is given in the foreign department of
the London Medical Repository, for November 1820; in which two
drachms of solid opium had been swallowed, and on dissection a
general congestion of blood was found in the internal organs.

430. The stomach in this case was observed to be red, but the
colour was traced to the tincture of cardamoms, which the deceased
had taken.

431. Philosophical Transactions, vol. xl, p. 446.

432. It was discovered by Scheele, but Gay-Lussac first succeeded

in depriving it of a very great quantity of the water with which it was
combined, when prepared according to the process of its discoverer.
See Annales de Chimie, tom. lxxvii, p. 123.

433. By the decomposition of muriatic acid, and the cyanuret of

mercury.

434. Dr. Majendie has informed us that, in consequence of some

carelessness, he breathed a portion of the vapour, while preparing
the acid for the purpose of experiment; and that he suffered very
violent pains in the chest, accompanied by feelings of oppression,
which endured for several hours.

435. “En conservant cet acide dans des vases bien fermés, même
sans quil ait le contact de l’air, il se decompose quelquefois en moins
d’une heure.” Gay-Lussac.

436. See “An Historical and Practical Treatise on the Internal use
of hydro-cyanic (Prussic) acid, by A. B. Granville, M.D.” Second edit.
London, 1820.

437. See, however, an account of “A new substance found

accompanying Welsh Culm, by J. A. Paris, M.D.” in the first volume of
the Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall.

438. The poisonous properties of this plant are alluded to by

Strabo, who says that the Lauro-cerasus produces a mode of death,
similar to that of epilepsy.

439. The merits of this case are to be found very fully discussed in
a pamphlet, entitled “Considerations on the criminal proceedings of
this country; on the danger of convictions on circumstantial
evidence, and on the case of Mr. Donellan.” By a barrister of the
Inner Temple, London, 1781.

440. “Experiments and Observations on the different modes in

which Death is produced by certain vegetable poisons.” Phil. Trans.
vol. 101, for the year 1811.

441. To those who may wish to gain further information upon this
subject, we beg to recommend the perusal of Dr. Granville’s work
above quoted.

442. Treatise on Prussic acid, sup. citat. p. 96.

443. Journal General de Médecine, 1. xxiv, p 224.

444. Annals of Philosophy, vol. i, p. 2, new series.

445. From this person the plant received its generic name,
Nicotiana; the specific appellation being taken from Tabac, the name
of an instrument used by the natives of America in smoking the
herb.

446. In 1624 Pope Urban the VIII, published a decree of

excommunication against all who took snuff in the church. Ten years
after this, smoking tobacco was forbidden in Russia, under the pain
of having the nose cut off. In 1653 the Council of the Canton of
Appenzel cited smokers before them, whom they punished; and they
ordered all inn-keepers to inform against such as were found
smoking in their houses. The police regulations of Berne, made in
1661, were divided according to the ten commandments, in which
the prohibition of smoking stood immediately beneath the command
against adultery. This prohibition was renewed in 1675, and the
tribunal instituted to put it into execution—viz. “Chambre au Tabac,”
continued to the middle of the eighteenth century. Pope Innocent
the XII, in 1590 excommunicated all those who were found taking
snuff, or using tobacco, in any manner, in the church of St. Peter at
Rome; even so late as 1719 the Senate of Strasburgh prohibited the
cultivation of tobacco, from an apprehension that it would diminish
the growth of corn. Amurath the IV published an edict which made
the smoking tobacco a capital offence; this was founded on an
opinion that it rendered the people infertile.

447. Pharmacologia, vol. 1, 228, and vol. 2, art. Tabaci Folia.

448. Vol. ii, p. 404.

449. We are, however, by no means disposed to assign greater

weight to this expression that it can fairly sustain; it may perhaps
refer to the operation of dropping the poison into the ear, and not to
the poison itself—thus Juvenal, “stillavit in aurem.”

450. Ephemerides des Curieux de la Nature, Dec. ii, An. i, p. 46.

451. Orfila, Toxicol.

452. Pharmacologia, vol. 1, p. 228.

453. Pliny informs us that the word cicuta amongst the ancients,
was not indicative of any particular species of plant, but of vegetable
poisons in general. We have already made the same remark with
respect to Aconite.

454. Κωνειον of Dioscorides.

455. In the London Medical and Physical Journal, vol. 14, p. 425,
we shall find a case wherein the hemlock was eaten through mistake
for common parsley. Similar accidents are also recorded in Miller’s
Dictionary.

456. It is figured in the Hortus Malabaricus under the name of

Canirum.

457. Annales de Chimie, t. 8 to 10.

458. Ibid. t. x, 153.

 459. Journal de Physiologie Experimentale, 1er numeroJanvier
1821, in a paper entitled “Memoire sur le Méchanisme de
l’Absorption.”

460. We avail ourselves of this report, as given by Orfila in his

System of Toxicology.

461. Bulletin de la Société de Med. Nov. 1807.

462. Analyse Chimique de la Coque du Levant. Paris, 1812.

463. We have already stated that this sauce has been occasionally
rendered poisonous by the presence of copper, p. 290.

464. Haller, Helvet. hist.

465. We have explained, at page 150, the sense in which we wish

these terms to be received.

466. Krascheminckow, Histoire Naturel du Kamtschatka, p. 209.

467. Systematic arrangement of British Plants, vol. iv, p. 181.

468. Leçons, faisant partie du Cours de Medecine Legale de M.

Orfila. Paris, 1821.

469. This fact is particularized, as some persons have supposed

the symptoms which have arisen from the ingestion of these fungi,
may have been the effect of copper derived from the cooking
utensils.

470. Let it be remembered that this term is to be received

conventionally; we merely intend it to express certain phenomena,
without any reference to their cause.

471. Mr. Brande. Phil. Trans. 1811 and 1813.

 472. “I apprehend that the peculiar flavour of cogniac depends
upon the presence of an æthereal spirit, formed by the action of
tartaric, or perhaps acetic acid upon alcohol. It is on this account
that nitric æther, when added to malt spirits gives them the flavour
of brandy.” Pharmacologia, vol. 2, p. 396.

473. Pharmacologia, vol. 2, p. 397.

474. See our chapter on “the Physiological causes and Phenomena

of Sudden Death,” page 16.
In the course of the present work we have frequently
recommended the artificial inflation of the lungs, in cases where life
is liable to be extinguished by suffocation, (page 78); but we have
not yet hinted at the possibility of employing such a resource with
success in cases of narcotic poisoning, wherein the death may be
physiologically considered as analogous to that occasioned by
suffocation. Mr. Brodie was the first philosopher who ventured to
propose such an expedient, and in an experiment carefully
performed on an animal under such circumstances its life was
preserved.
The success of the process will depend upon our being able to
keep up an artificial breathing, until the effects of the narcotic have
passed away, and the energy of the brain is restored. As during this
interval the generation of animal heat appears to be in a great
measure suspended, it will be necessary to maintain a sufficient
temperature by art.

475. We have just received from Mr. Alcock a history of the

particular circumstances of the interesting case alluded to at page 58
of the present volume, and we shall give insertion to it in our
chapter on Anatomical Dissection.

476. Treatise on Nervous Diseases, vol. 1, p. 221.

477. Case of a woman bitten by a viper, Med. and Phy. Journ. vol.
ii, p. 481.
Welcome to our website – the perfect destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. We believe that every book holds a new world,
offering opportunities for learning, discovery, and personal growth.
That’s why we are dedicated to bringing you a diverse collection of
books, ranging from classic literature and specialized publications to
self-development guides and children's books.

More than just a book-buying platform, we strive to be a bridge

connecting you with timeless cultural and intellectual values. With an
elegant, user-friendly interface and a smart search system, you can
quickly find the books that best suit your interests. Additionally,
our special promotions and home delivery services help you save time
and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Join us on a journey of knowledge exploration, passion nurturing, and

personal growth every day!

testbankfan.com