Department of Education

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CITY OF MEYCAUAYAN

Pag-asa St., Malhacan, City of Meycauayan, Bulacan

Senior High School

Learning 11
Activity Sheet
in
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
SERVICING
Third Quarter – WEEK 6
Fundamentals of Networking
TLE_IACSS9-12SUCN-Ia-e-34
 FUNDAMENTALS OF NETWORKING

I. Introduction
In the world of computers, networking is the practice of linking two or
more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data.
Networks are built with a combination of computer hardware and
computer software.

II. Learning Competency/ Unit of Competency

Lesson 5: Fundamentals of Networking
TLE_IACSS9-12SUCN-Ia-e-34

III. Nominal Duration

2 Days

IV. Objectives/ Learning Outcomes

1. discuss network connectivity of each terminal in accordance with
network design;
2. understand the configuration of Network Interface Card (NIC) in
accordance with the network design;
3. discuss the categories of network connections.

V. Content/ Lesson
Fundamentals of Networking

Materials:
Learning Module
Video Presentation
URL reference

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VI. Procedure (Knowledge)

Network Fundamentals

A network is simply a group of two or more Personal Computers linked

together. Many types of networks exist, but the most common types of
networks are Local-Area Networks (LANs), and Wide-Area Networks
(WANs).

In a LAN, computers are connected together within a "local" area (for

example, an office or home). In a WAN, computers are further apart and
are connected via telephone/communication lines, radio waves or other
means of connection.

How Are Networks Categorized?

Networks are usually classified using three properties: Topology,

Protocols and Architecture.

1. Topology specifies the geometric arrangement of the network.

Common topologies are a bus, ring and star. You can check out a
figure showing the three common types of network topologies here.

2. Protocol specifies a common set of rules and signals the computers

on the network use to communicate. Most networks use Ethernet,
but some networks may use IBM's Token Ring protocol. We
recommend Ethernet for both home and office networking. For more
information, please select the Ethernet link on the left.

3. Architecture refers to one of the two major types of network

architecture: Peer-to-peer or client/server. In a Peer-to-Peer
networking configuration, there is no server, and computers simply
connect with each other in a workgroup to share files, printers and
Internet access.

This is most commonly found in home configurations and is only

practical for workgroups of a dozen or less computers. In a client/server
network there is usually an NT Domain Controller, to which all of the
computers log on. This server can provide various services, including
centrally routed Internet Access, mail (including e-mail), file sharing
and printer access, as well as ensuring security across the network.
This is most commonly found in corporate configurations, where
network security is essential.
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Networks are used to:

• Facilitate communication by means of email, video conferencing,

texting, and so on.
• Enable different clients to share hardware resources like a printer or
scanner.
• Enable file sharing over the system.
• Allow for the sharing of software or working projects on a remote
network.
• Make data easier to access and keep up among network clients.

Example of various network scales are:

A Local area network (LAN), or, in other words, small network

constrained to a small geographic area. An example of a LAN would be
a computer network within a building.

• Operate within a small geographic area.

• Allow multi-access to high-transfer speed media.
• Control network privately under a local administration.
• Provide full-time availability to local services.

https://bit.ly/2L91NV8

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A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a computer network used for
communication among computer devices, including smartphone and
tablet, in proximity to an individual's body. The reach of a PAN is typically
a few meters. PANs can be used for communication among the personal
devices themselves (intrapersonal communication), or for connecting to a
higher level network and the Internet. Using Lenovo ShareIt app across
devices is great instance of PAN network.

https://bit.ly/2L91NV8

Campus Area Network, Campus Network, Controller Area Network,

Corporate area network and often Cluster Area Network or CAN

It is a computer network made up of an interconnection of local area

networks (LANs) within a limited geographical area. The networking
equipment (switches, routers) and transmission media (optical fiber,
copper plant, Cat5 cabling etc.) are almost entirely owned by the campus
tenant / owner: an enterprise, university, government etc. It can be taken
as the metropolitan network that has the specific settings at the small area
just like a computer lab in the university.

https://www.networkstraining.com/different-types-of-networks/

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Metropolitan Area Network - A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a
hybrid between a LAN and a WAN. Like a WAN, it connects two or more
LANs in the same geographic area. A MAN, for example, might connect two
different buildings or offices in the same city/municipality.

https://www.networkstraining.com/different-types-of-networks/

Wide Area Network - A wide area network (WAN) is a computer network

that covers a broad area (i.e., any network whose communications links
cross metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries). This is in contrast
with personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), campus
area networks (CANs), or metropolitan area networks (MANs) which are
usually limited to a room, building, campus or specific metropolitan area
(e.g., a city) respectively,

Computers connected to a wide-area network are often connected through

public networks, such as the telephone system. They can also be
connected through leased lines or satellites. The largest WAN in existence
is the internet.

https://www.networkstraining.com/different-types-of-networks/

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Storage Area Network - A storage area network (SAN) is a dedicated
storage network that provides access to consolidated, block level storage.
SANs are used primarily to make storage devices (such as disk arrays, tape
libraries, and optical jukeboxes) accessible to servers so that the devices
appear as locally attached to the operating system. A SAN typically has its
own network of storage devices that are generally not accessible through
the regular network by regular devices.

https://www.networkstraining.com/different-types-of-networks/

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that

use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users
worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private,
public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global
scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical
networking technologies. The Internet can also be defined as a worldwide
interconnection of
computers and computer
networks that facilitate
the sharing or exchange of
information among users.
The Internet carries a vast
range of information
resources and services,
such as the inter-linked
hypertext documents of
the World Wide Web
(WWW) and the
infrastructure to support
electronic mail etc.
https://bit.ly/2L91NV8

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Virtual Private Network - A VPN is a private network that is constructed
within a public network infrastructure such as the global Internet. a
telecommuter can access the network of the company headquarters
through the Internet by building a secure tunnel between the
telecommuter’s PC and a VPN router in the headquarters. It is a
mechanism for providing secure, reliable transport over Internet. VPNs are
frequently used by remote workers or companies with remote offices to
share private data and network resources.

https://www.networkstraining.com/different-types-of-networks/

Network protocols

Network protocols are a set of rules, conventions, and data structures

that dictate how devices exchange data across networks. In other words,
network protocols can be equated to languages that two devices must
understand for seamless communication of information, regardless of
their infrastructure and design disparities.

The OSI model: How network protocols work

To understand the nuances of network protocols, it's imperative to know

about the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model first. Considered
the primary architectural model for internet working communications,
the majority of network protocols used today are structurally based on
the OSI model.

The OSI model splits the communication process between two network
devices into 7 layers. A task or group of tasks is assigned to each of these

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7 layers. All the layers are self-contained, and the tasks assigned to them
can be executed independently.

To put this into context, here is a representation of the communication

process between two network devices following the OSI model:

https://www.manageengine.com/network-monitoring/network-protocols.html

The seven layers in the OSI model can be divided into two groups: upper
layers, including layers 7, 6, and 5, and lower layers, including layers 4,
3, 2, and 1. The upper layers deal with application issues, and the lower
layers deal with data transport issues.

Network protocols divide the communication process into discrete tasks

across every layer of the OSI model. One or more network protocols
operate at each layer in the communication exchange.

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VII. Assessment (Knowledge)
Activity 1

Directions: Write T in the blank provided if the statement is TRUE. Write F

if the statement is FALSE

1. Peer-to-Peer Network is for 100 computer units.____

2. WAN means World Area Network. _____
3. Damaged cables will still work and are safe to use.____
4. Patch Panel is used to connect on Wireless Network. ____
5. Straight-thru cable is for Server-Network._____
6. Router must be configured first after setting-up computer network. _____
7. It is always safe to properly shutdown computer units before configuring
the computer servers.___
8. We can still set-up computer networks even without necessary tools. ____
9. Metropolitan Area Network is a hybrid connection between LAN and
WAN.____
10. Personal Area Network is typically the shortest network with only few
meters distance between devices.____

Activity 2 (Understanding)
Directions: In a paragraph, discuss the difference of peer-to-peer network
and client-server network from the rest of the network classifications / types
as discussed in this learning activity sheet.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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Activity 3 (Performance)
Directions: Create a diagram of a computer network of your choice using any
recycled materials.

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References

Sherwin Maningas. Computer Networking. Accessed January 7, 2021.

https://sir-sherwin.blogspot.com/p/computer-networking.html

Dev Ismael, Patch Panel Configuration. Accessed January 7, 2021.

https://bit.ly/2L91NV8

Firewall.cx. Network Fundamentals Accessed January 12, 2021.

http://www.firewall.cx/networking-topics/general-networking.html

OpManager. Network Protocol Accessed January 12, 2021.

https://www.manageengine.com/network-monitoring/network-
protocols.html

All Rights Reserved

2020

Acknowledgement
CAROLINA S. VIOLETA EdD
Schools Division Superintendent

JERRY D. CRUZ, PhD, CESE

Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

DOMINADOR M. CABRERA PhD

Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

EDWARD C. JIMENEZ PhD

Education Program Supervisor- LR Manager

RAMILO C. CRUZ PhD

Education Program Supervisor-EPP/TLE/TVL

ELGER DAVID/ FLORDELIZA P. GALINDEZ

Language/Content/ Layout Editor

NIÑO JESUS S. JABONERO

Developer/Writer

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